Discovered Some Serious Tomato Plant Damage

I check on the tomato plants daily.  Despite the afternoons still in the low to mid 90's, the tomato plants have done quite well.  In fact, I was concerned that due to the heat, they wouldn't set fruit.  I had read that they will have problems setting fruit if temperatures exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit.  Well, that rule isn't set in stone as I'm seeing fruit all over the place.

But I'm seeing something else, too.  I walked down the tomato rows this afternoon and spotted this!

And here is it's neighbor!  What in the wide world of sports is going on?

Well, I have a pretty good idea.  It looks like damage from a tomato horn worm.  I decided I would carefully inspect each plant.  The tomato horn worm's appetite rivals mine.  It can eat a lot in just a short sitting.  The plants weren't like this yesterday.  So I started at the first plant, looking all over.  And then I spotted the perpetrator!  Can you see how camouflaged it is?  It blends right in to the stalk and leaves.

I snatched the hornworm off the plant with the quickness.  You can see how it got it's name.  It has a red barb on his rear end.  I read somewhere that they don't sting or bite, but I wasn't taking any chances.  It wasn't happy with me for removing it from it's lunch.

I'm sure there are more, so I began to go through the plants one by one.  Here's another one!

And another!

And yet still another.  In all, I picked seven of them off the plants, all except one were as fat as my index finger.

Tomato hornworms feed on members of the nightshade family, namely tomatoes and eggplant.  Speaking of names, the hornworm's scientific name is Manduca quinquemaculata.  But I can't pronounce that name.  I choose to simply call them... Chicken food!  I tossed each one over the fence and watched the birds quickly devour them.  Please be assured I watched until they were digested.  I don't want them to make their way back into the garden.

I'll check the plants again tomorrow for any fresh signs of damage.

Clipping Wings

Although we have three acres for our chickens to roam around on, the old saying that "the grass is always greener on the other side" rings true for chickens as well as cows and goats.  Even though I have the wings clipped on my chickens, I have a couple of chickens that squeeze themselves out between the hog wire perimeter fence.  Pro-tip: When you clip their wings, you only need to clip one of them.  They can't fly with feathers on only one wing.

Our new neighbors put in a chicken yard.  More and more people are getting 'backyard chickens.'  There's nothing quite like picking fresh eggs every day.  The neighbor's birds are young and not quite laying eggs yet.  They quickly ate all the grass in the new chicken yard and would fly up on top of their hen house and then jump down over the fence.  About 15 birds would come into our yard and were scratching in the landscape and got into the garden.  They also devoured our persimmons that had fallen from the tree, before we had a chance to pick them up.  We had to do something quickly!

Tricia and I got our old net that we use when we go crabbing, and I also picked up my tin snips.  We had some chickens' wings to clip.  With both of us working together over two days, we cornered the chickens one by one and gave them a haircut.  You just take one wing and using the sharp tin snips, cut the wing feathers way back.  Then we gently tossed them back over the fence to their home.

The chickens squawked to express their displeasure, but at the end of the ordeal, no one was worse for wear.  Except, I broke a cardinal rule of neighborliness.  I didn't let my neighbor know what we had done.  I remedied that situation this afternoon.  I talked to him about it and he was thankful, saying that we saved him a lot of time, energy, and work.  So everything is smoothed out.  Everyone is happy... except for the chickens that have lost their freedom!  I'll have to do something to remedy the problem of two of our forty something hens that get out as I don't want them getting into their yard.  It's been more peaceful over the past few days without a flock of chickens in the yard.  There are two guinea fowl, though, that we couldn't catch, but I haven't given up.  We'll get 'em yet.

A New Shed for the Bullpen

I started to tell you last week about our new construction project in the back pasture that we call the "bullpen."  It's where we keep the males of the bovine and goat persuasion segregated from the females in order to control breeding times so that the babies come when we want them to come.  The bullpen has no barn, no enclosure to get out of the rain.  It is bordered by woods that provide overhanging shade.  We can and do run them into the barn through a gate that's adjacent if weather gets too bad.

For Nicky the bull, it's not a big deal.  For Popcorn, the billy, he doesn't like the rain and is prone to getting hoof rot.  Tricia asked that we build a small lean-to or shed to provide protection from the elements to the animals in the bullpen.  That project has been on the list for a couple of months and this week, we decided to begin so that we would have it done before the north wind starts to blow and weather deteriorates.

Four 4x4 posts were set in the corners and cemented in.  Curious onlookers supervised the process and got in the way.  I had to move them out of the bullpen after my patience ran a little thin.

I looked at several plans, but none were exactly what I was looking for.  I ended up having no plans and would just play in by ear, wing it, and see how it comes out.  I took measurements and composed my materials list and drove to Stine Lumber to get necessary supplies - about $300 worth, although I did use some lumber I had stashed away in the barn rafters.  Side supports went up.  These add support but also will anchor the tin sides of the shed.

I'm no carpenter - not even on my best day.  I just kind of throw things together.  I used a level and tried my best to make things square.  Experience has taught me that the animals don't care about quality construction as long as it is functional.  The remainder of the walls go up as well as the boards that will support the sloping roof.

The roof rafters, I guess you'd call them are now on, supported by 3 inch screws.  The roof will open to the south, providing protection from the north winds of winter.

The roof is up and now the walls start going in.

The south side will remain wide open, but the other three sides will be closed off.  I assume later on we could gate off the opening, if the need arises.

Russ came by the house Saturday afternoon and helped me cut the tin into 5 foot sections and begin hanging the walls.  I couldn't have done this part alone.

Here's our completed shed.  It's small, yet it will provide a respite from cold winds and rain in the winter.

Here's a look from the west side.  A west side story, you might call it.

The project is complete.  Now it's time to get in the garden and start working on the fall/winter planting.

The Worm Turns

The worm turns is an idiom used to explain a situation that changes suddenly and abruptly.  It's appropriate to use that expression when talking about today's topic.  Cucumbers.  Our spring/summer cucumber crop was stellar, stupendous, and superlative.  Each day we'd harvest all we could carry.  We ate them every lunch, gave lots away at church and to family and friends and lacto-fermented many pickles in gallon and quart-sized jars.  

When the cucumbers in that garden petered out, I planted another row of them on the same trellis, while working some compost into the soil for nutrients.  You never want to take more out of the soil than you put into it.  The cucumbers quickly grew, attached themselves to the trellis, bloomed and set fruit. In fact, just as we ate the last pickle from the pickle jar, the cucumber harvest began to come in again.  We were just starting to bring in a half dozen a day and enjoying them cut up with some salt and pepper, olive oil and balsamic vinegar and then...

And then in one stinking day things turned south.  Worms descended on our cucumbers like the plagues in Egypt.   I guess had I been more vigilant and observant, I could have tried some neem oil on them, but it was not to be.

Just look at the destruction.  A few days prior, the leaves were broad and bright green, tendrils gripping the trellis as hopeful vines inched skyward.  Today we're left with webs, poop and the remnants of formerly productive vines.  

I scratched through the rubble of the failed crop and found the perpetrator, in fact three of them feasting on the last remaining cucumber.  I tossed it over the fence where many hens were waiting and watched with delight as I witnessed the worms got their comeuppance.

But no long faces here,  tomorrow I'll work some fresh compost and some chicken litter into the soil beneath the trellis and I'll plant our fall crop of Sugar Snap Peas.  Things turned quickly with the cucumbers - from abundance to abhorrent.  But things can turn quickly again with our crop of sugar snap peas hopefully and prayerfully planted.  If at first you don't succeed, try, try again.

Red Sky At Night

 I ran out to the road the other day and captured this beautiful red sunset.  What a sight!

It reminded me of the old saying, "Red sky in morning, sailor's take warning.  Red sky at night, sailor's delight."  I'm not going sailing, but if the saying is true, tonight would be the night to do it.  Did you know that this old saying is mentioned in the Bible?  It is found in Matthew 16:2-3, mentioned by our Lord.

2 He answered and said unto them, When it is evening, ye say, It will be fair weather: for the sky is red.  3 And in the morning, It will be foul weather to day: for the sky is red and lowering. O ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky; but can ye not discern the signs of the times?

The Sadducees and Pharisees were two rival parties, but their hatred for Jesus caused them to be in agreement.  That brings up another old saying, by the way: "The enemy of my enemy is my friend."  These religious leaders were looking for a sign.  They wanted Him to work a miracle in order that they might believe He is the Christ.  They were always looking for signs and wonders.  These people had the Son of God sitting before them.  Prophecy was being fulfilled before their very eyes and yet they were blind.  No one is as blind as he who just won't see.

Here's the thing:  A miracle or sign or wonder will not convict you to turn from your unbelief to salvation.  Why did Jesus bring up the weather?  He was making the point that their blindness was deliberate.  He was telling them that they had no problems looking at Creation that HE created and draw conclusions to guide them, yet they were confronted by evidence that He had shown them repeatedly and couldn't connect the dots.  Their own Scripture pointed prophecies of the Messiah coming that they should have recognized, but their eyes seemed to be closed to the truth.

Their eyes were closed.  Their hearts were hardened.  In verse 4 Jesus called them an adulterous generation.  Now some of them may have been committing adultery in terms of not being faithful to their wives, but Jesus was speaking more of spiritual adultery.  They were God's chosen people and they were not faithful to Him.  Instead, they were trusting in a set of rules and laws that they had manufactured.  They were worshipping a god they had constructed.  If they were following God, they would have recognized the Messiah in their midst.

Have you recognized the Messiah?  Do you know Jesus?  Have you manufactured a god or a system that you're trusting to get you to Heaven?  Jesus is the One foretold by the Old Testament prophets.  He is the promised Messiah that solved the "sin problem" that originated in Genesis 3.  He is the Good News that the New Testament speaks of.  Try as we might, we can't purchase salvation.  The smartest men and women can't invent a cure for our terminal sinful condition.  All it takes is faith, placing full reliance on Jesus for the remission of your sins.  Despite the weather forecast, if you trust Him, regardless the color of the sky at morning or night, you'll sail into eternity secure with Him.

The Trouble With Goats

Goats are interesting creatures.  Always getting into trouble.  In fact, just this morning I woke up to find Agnes, one of our goats, had gotten herself completely tangled up into some portable fencing.  I struggled for almost 10 minutes before going to get the wire cutters and destroying my fence in order to free her.  It is no wonder that in Matthew 25 our Lord separates the sheep from the goats.  A quick study of this passage shows that the goats are not the good guys.  In fact, they are told to depart to everlasting fire.  Although goats are cute, they can definitely be troublesome, and if I'm honest, sometimes I wish some of ours to be on the coals of a barbecue fire, if not everlasting fire.  

One thing that keeps us busy with goats is dealing with foot problems.  Ours are very susceptible to foot rot.  It's a condition that has us constantly trimming hooves and applying copper sulfate soaks on affected hooves.  I want to introduce you to "Bunny."  Bunny is a goat that sadly lost her baby as a stillborn this spring.  We call her Bunny due to her pink nose and striking resemblance to a bunny rabbit.

Bunny is in our goat milking stanchion for her hoof treatment.  She has an issue with her front left hoof.  We put her in the stanchion so that we might be able to isolate the hoof for treatment.  We gave ol' Bunny a cup of sweet feed to somewhat distract her from the task at hand.

I got some hoof trimmers and clipped around the affected, tender area.  There is a spot that appears to be an abscess.  It started to bleed, and I squeezed it hard to see if I could get any infection out.  Then Tricia mixed up a copper sulfate solution for soaking.  The poured it into a "hoof bath" apparatus and we set Bunny's affected hoof into the soaking solution.  I then used duct tape to secure it on her leg, so she wouldn't kick it off.

We left the boot on for 20 minutes, hoping to give the copper sulfate time to work.

We finally took the boot off.  Hopefully Bunny will improve.  If not, we're not opposed to bringing her to the veterinarian.  Bunny is not the only hoof patient at the moment.  "Tillerson," who is Tillie's little buckling was also limping.  Tricia squirted some copper sulfate into the affected hoof.  

We'll continue to watch Bunny and Tillerson for improvement and provide care to them as needed..

A New Project That Must Be Completed Before Winter

So that we can quarantine animals, we have a portion of the pasture fenced off in an area we call "the bull pen."  You see, the quarantining I'm talking about is not due to illness, but due to the wanton desires of the male species.  If you don't keep the males separated from the females, we've found that things get a little dangerous.  Wild hanky-panky notwithstanding, if you don't separate the males from the females, you cannot control the breeding date.

We generally keep the bull in the bull pasture until we see a cow or heifer go in heat and then we'll put her in the bull pen with the pull for a day of courtship and romance.  But it's not just the male of the bovine persuasion.  We keep the billy goat, Popcorn, in the bull pen, too.  For similar reasons, but for another as well.  Billy goats are, well, there's not a nice way to put it.  They're gross.  During their season of lust, they pee on themselves, all over their beard, and it stinks.  We don't want to be anywhere around them.

So here's where the project comes into play.  Goats aren't real fond of rainy weather.  The bull pen is gated into the barn, but the barn has the cows and heifer and also the does there.  We need to build some sort of small lean-to shed so that the billy goat and bull can get in out of the weather.  Nothing too big and nothing fancy and certainly nothing expensive.  So I decided to put up an 8x8 simple shed.  It will be closed on three sides and open to the south side.  In winter, it will provide a respite from the rain and north winds. 

Saturday, I enlisted Russ' help and we used a post-hole digger to place four 8 foot 4x4's into the ground in the bull pen and anchored them in with Quik Crete.  I kept the bull and the billy goat out of the bull pen for 24 hours to give the cement time to cure.  Nicky, the bull, has a propensity for rubbing his head on things, and I didn't want him to push the posts after we had worked hard to level them.  After 24 hours I put the bull and the billy back in the bull pen.

They were curious as to what the project was.  What are these posts in our pasture?  I felt sure they would set out to destroy the work we started, but so far, the posts have held firm.

I'll work on this as time allows, day by day, until we have a shelter for the Nicky and Popcorn.  Everyone needs to be able to get out of the rain, right?

Belle's Bath Day

Our Great Pyrenees, Belle, is 5 1/2 years old.  I can remember giving her a bath twice.  Now, that may seem like animal abuse to some.  There is a thriving industry of dog groomers, but Belle will never go to one.  She's a working livestock guardian dog and instinctively does her duty day in and day out.  But the other day, Belle walked by us and Benjamin said, "Belle, you stink!"  He put it on his list to give her a bath.

I agreed to help as I wasn't sure how she was going to react to getting wet.  Normally, if it's raining, she makes a beeline for the garage.  We coerced her into the back yard and Benjamin put soap in the bottom of a livestock molasses lick tub and began filling it with water from the hose.  The goats were grazing in the pasture in the background.  The one who needs a bath more than Belle is Popcorn, the Billy Goat.  He stinks VERY bad!

We picked up Belle and deposited her in the bucket full of water and suds.  Surprisingly, she enjoyed it, like a human enjoys a relaxing bath.  She just sat there in the water, enjoying the process to the fullest.

Benjamin adjusted the jet of water to give Belle a deep cleaning.  We watched as the clear water underneath the suds turned cloudy.

Finally, we attempted to wash her face.  We weren't sure how she would react, but she did remarkably well.  We cleaned up those eye boogers in the corners of her eyes.  At last it was time for the bath to end, so we got her out of the bath tub.  She stood there as Benjamin brushed her.  He uses a brush that pulls out the long, tangled hair from her coat.  Belle LOVES this!  It's the same feeling you have when someone is scratching your back.  You sit there in a daze, hoping it never ends.  Thick clouds of white hair were removed with each brushing.  This hair thinning will make her feel cooler and better in the waning days of summer.

He brushed and brushed all over her body until no more white hair was coming out.  That's when you know that it is time to quit.  By this time Belle had shaken herself and was mostly dry.  I bet she was feeling so much better.

In a perfect world of American Kennel Club dog shows, Belle would have been proud of her clean, white coat.  But alas, Belle is not that kind of dog.  Within ten minutes of the photo above being taken, Belle was spotted digging a big hole in the flower beds and promptly rolled around and around in the soft, moist earth.  Belle's bath did not hold up.  Her cleanliness was short-lived.  By nightfall, you could see that she needed another bath.  She still smells nice, though, for the time being.

Securing the Border

Border security is serious business.  If you have no control of your border, undesirables come at will, unimpeded and wreak destruction on your land.  A fence can be porous.  Eyes cannot be on every square inch of land boundaries, making unlawful entry easy.  At first incursions are slow, almost unnoticeable, but gradually more border crossings are made, and before you know it, you've lost control of your land.  What was once paradise is ruined.  Dramatic actions are required to salvage things.  You must stop unlawful entries, severely punish those that have come in unlawfully, and then strengthen your borders to prevent this from occurring again.  One must be vigilant.

I'm talking about our garden.  We have a fence that borders our garden and acts as the boundary between the garden and our pasture.  Our pasture is primarily bahia grass and bermuda grass.  Grasses great for pasture, but BAD for gardens.  They run from rhizomes and quickly spread.  A fence does nothing to keep it out.  If left unattended, the bermuda, bahia, and nutsedge will quickly overtake the garden. You can see the grass coming through the border in the photo below:

I have found that a mattock is an under-appreciated garden tool.  I use this bad boy to dig up the border crossers by the roots.  I toss them over the fence - back where they belong.

I clear a two foot "de-militarized zone" to represent land re-patriated and reclaimed.

But I'm not done.  I move wood chip mulch and tightly pack in the cleared zone four inches deep, creating a clear border that is easier to patrol.

Over two afternoons, I patrolled the border, stopped illegal border crossings, and fixed things to deter future crossings, for the near future at least.

Here's a look all the way down the border fence once the job was done.

It was good to get the job done.  It was homeland security - literally.

A Labor Day Late Lunch

We planned on firing up the smoker on Labor Day and doing something new for us - Chuck Roast Burnt Ends.  It all started with a trip to a local slaughterhouse that cuts meat to order, and Tricia purchased a 4 pound chuck roast.  I stabbed the roast repeatedly and then made a rub of salt, pepper, cayenne pepper, paprika, dried oregano, cumin and coffee.  I rubbed that all over the roast and put it in a plastic container and poured a bottle of Worcestershire Sauce all over it.  I put the lid on and gave it a good shake and then put it in the ice box to marinate overnight.  First thing in the morning, I lit the chimney with charcoal until they were burning.

Here is our chuck roast, marinated and ready to be smoked.

The roast was placed on the lower grille of the smoker.

I was looking to get the temperature in our smoker to 240 degrees and then hold it there for eight hours.  During the smoke, I added pecan sticks to the charcoal to keep the temperature where I wanted it.  I repeatedly opened and closed the vents to regulate the temperature.

After eight hours, the center of the roast was 190 degrees and ready to come off the smoker.  There is a nice black crust on the roast.  It smells great, but we're not done yet.

I sliced up the roast and it was nice looking.  Tasty fat with a deep red smoke ring.

I sliced the roast into cubes for the next step.

I put the cubed roast in a roasting pan and dusted the meat liberally with the remaining rub and some Baby Ray's BBQ sauce was poured over it and all stirred up.

Money shot!

You have several options here.  You can put it back on the smoker for 2 more hours OR you can put in the oven on broil OR you can put the roaster on the stovetop and cook until the coating on the meat is caramelized.  The last option is the one we went with for expedience.  We were hungry by this point!

Mom and Dad came over and Benjamin and Russ also joined Tricia and I for the "Roast Beast Feast."  It turned out really good and tasty, but if I'm honest, visiting and spending time with family was the highlight of Labor Day.

I trust you enjoyed your Labor Day as well.  Tomorrow, it's back to work!